Understanding Fiber Optic Cables: Their Advantages and Disadvantages

The telecommunications industry has rapidly adapted to technological advancements, including the shift from copper to fiber optic cables. Fiber optic cables are now widely used by IT companies in Indonesia, especially for internet network installations.
Fiber optic itself is composed of pure glass strands that act as waveguides for long-distance light transmission, using a principle known as total internal reflection. Each fiber optic cable has two glass layers: the core (responsible for carrying the light signals) and the cladding, an additional glass layer surrounding the core.
Uses of Fiber Optic Cables
Fiber optic cables primarily serve to connect computers within a network, similar to other cable types. However, because fiber optics transmit light rather than electrical currents, they are unaffected by electromagnetic interference, unlike traditional cables.
Fiber optic cables come in two types: Single Mode and Multi Mode. Single Mode has a single, narrow transmission path with a diameter of just 9 micrometers, while Multi Mode supports multiple transmissions and has a larger core of 625 micrometers, allowing it to carry more light simultaneously.
Pros and Cons of Fiber Optic Cables
Like other cables used by IT providers in Indonesia, fiber optic cables come with their own set of pros and cons that are essential to consider before implementing them in your network.
Advantages of Fiber Optic Cables:
- High Capacity and Fast Data Transmission: Fiber optic cables offer substantial data capacity and high-speed transmission, supporting internet and telephone services with high bandwidths, reaching speeds up to 1 Gbps.
- Long-Distance Data Transmission Without Signal Boosters: These cables can carry signals quickly over long distances without the need for signal amplification.
- Corrosion-Resistant: Made from glass, fiber optic cables are immune to rust or corrosion.
- Compact and Flexible: Their small size makes them adaptable and easy to install across different terrains.
- Safe and Reliable: Operating without electrical currents, they avoid risks like short circuits, electromagnetic interference, and fire hazards, enhancing their safety for users.
Due to these advantages, fiber optic cables have become the top choice for major companies seeking robust network connectivity solutions. However, despite these benefits, fiber optic cables also have a few disadvantages:
Disadvantages of Fiber Optic Cables:
- Higher Cost: The impressive performance of fiber optic cables comes at a higher price due to the materials and careful installation required. Installation also demands experienced professionals, with companies often needing extensive groundwork.
- Expensive Maintenance: The network upkeep for fiber optic cables can be costly, as the tools and equipment needed are not cheap.
- Reliance on Light Source Proximity: Fiber optics require proximity to light sources to perform at their best.
- Optimal Path Requirement: To ensure efficient data transmission, fiber optic cables should ideally be installed along curved or wave-like paths, minimizing potential signal disruptions.